Vacuum Filtration
Illustration showing the equipment for filtering a precipitate through a filtering crucible. Suction from a vacuum, often from a water aspirator, pulls the solution through the filtering crucible leaving the precipitate behind. […]
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Gravity Filtration
Illustration showing how to prepare a filter paper cone for gravity filtration. The filter paper circle in (a) is folded in half (b), and folded in half again (c). The folded filter […]
Coagulation of a Precipitate
Two methods for coagulating a precipitate of AgCl are illustrated here: (a) because of electrostatic repulsion, coagulation will not take place if both particles are positively charged; (b) decreasing the charge within […]
Inclusions in Precipitates of Potassium Perchlorate
Mixing solutions of 1.5 M KNO3 and 1.5 M HClO4 produces a white precipitate of KClO4. If permanganate ions, MnO4–, are present, an inclusion of KMnO4 is possible. Impure precipitates of KClO4 […]
Inclusions, Occlusions, and Surface Adsorbates
Three examples of impurities that may form during precipitation. The cubic frame represents the precipitate and the blue marks are impurities: (a) inclusions, (b) occlusions, and (c) surface adsorbates. Inclusions are randomly […]